Read-Write Splitting

Multi-Language Edition: This chapter is also available in Vietnamese at 📖 Bản tiếng Việt (Vietnamese Edition). Previous: Chapter 8 — Distributed Locking: Redlock vs ZooKeeper | Series Hub Answer-First: Scaling relational databases beyond hundreds of millions of rows requires a progressive two-stage strategy: (1) Read/Write Splitting routing mutating queries to the Primary and read queries to Replicas via GORM dbresolver, protected by a Pin-to-Primary (Read-Your-Own-Writes) shield to insulate users from replication lag; (2) Horizontal Sharding using a Consistent Hashing Ring with 256 Virtual Nodes per physical database shard, distributed 64-bit monotonically increasing IDs (Snowflake / TSID), and sharding middleware (Vitess or Distributed SQL engines like TiDB/CockroachDB) to eliminate cross-shard two-phase commit bottlenecks. ...