High Availability

Alipay Double 11: 544,000 TPS Architecture Explained Research Baseline Two different Double 11 peak figures circulate widely, and they measure different layers of the stack — conflating them is the most common error in write-ups on this topic: Figure What it actually measures Layer Source 544,000 TPS Alipay payment transactions per second (2019) Payment / ledger OceanBase engineering 61 million QPS Database queries per second at the same 2019 peak Database OceanBase engineering 583,000 orders/sec Order creation on Alibaba’s e-commerce platform (2020) Commerce / order intake Alibaba Group press release [!IMPORTANT] The widely-quoted 583,000 figure is order creation throughput on Alibaba’s commerce platform, not Alipay’s payment TPS. Alipay’s reported payment peak is 544,000 TPS. This article is about the payment-side architecture, so 544,000 TPS is the relevant number. ...

← Series hub ← Prev • Next → Answer-first: Alipay’s Logical Data Center (LDC) unitization architecture partitions database tables and application servers into self-contained “RZone” units based on user ID hashes. This multi-active setup bounds failure blast radiuses and allows horizontal scaling across multiple data centers. Prerequisite: Phase 1: Timeline and Scale Evolution This phase focuses on the architectural blueprint that enables planetary scaling while preserving absolute transactional correctness and operational control. The core design philosophy is: scale through containment, not coordination. ...