Distributed SQL

Prerequisite: Familiarity with the concepts introduced in Part 1 — Double Entry Ledger Schema. Review it first if the terminology in this part is unfamiliar. Answer-first: Distributed SQL engines preserve multi-region ACID serializability by combining Raft/Paxos consensus with bounded clock synchronization protocols such as Spanner TrueTime, CockroachDB HLC, or TiDB Percolator TSO. Selecting optimal commit-wait delays and timestamp allocation strategies minimizes two-phase commit overhead, achieving low transaction latencies across cross-region core banking nodes. Implementing this architecture enforces sub-50ms P99 latency guarantees, strict component isolation, and automated. ...

Prerequisite: Familiarity with the concepts introduced in Part 2 — Event Driven Kafka. Review it first if the terminology in this part is unfamiliar. Answer-first: PayPay migrated its database layer from AWS Aurora MySQL to TiDB Distributed SQL to overcome vertical scaling limitations. TiDB’s Raft-based auto-sharding and horizontal compute/storage separation deliver linear scaling under billion-row transaction tables. Implementing this architecture enforces sub-50ms P99 latency guarantees, strict component isolation, and automated observability pipelines required for production-grade enterprise operations. ...